معرفی کتاب Data Center Virtualization Fundamentals
Foreword
Introduction
?Part I What Is Virtualization
Chapter 1 Virtualization History and Definitions
Data Center Essential Definitions
Data Center Evolution
Operational Areas and Data Center Architecture
The Origins of Data Center Virtualization
Virtual Memory
Mainframe Virtualization
Hot Standby Router Protocol
Defining Virtualization
Data Center Virtualization Timeline
Classifying Virtualization Technologies A Virtualization Taxonomy Virtualization Scalability Technology Areas
Classification Examples
Summary
Further Reading
Part II Virtualization in Network Technologies
Chapter 2 Data Center Network Evolution
Ethernet Protocol: Then and Now
Ethernet Media Coaxial Cable Twisted-Pair Optical Fiber
Direct-Attach Twinaxial Cables
Ethernet Data Rate Timeline
Data Center Network Topologies
Data Center Network Layers
Design Factors for Data Center Networks Physical Network Layout Considerations The ANSI/TIA-942 Standard
Network Virtualization Benefits
Network Logical Partitioning
Network Simplification and Traffic Load Balancing Management Consolidation and Cabling Optimization Network Extension
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 3 The Humble Beginnings of Network Virtualization
Network Partitioning
Concepts from the Bridging World
Defining VLANs
VLAN Trunks
Two Common Misconceptions About VLANs
Misconception Number 1: A VLAN Must Be Associated to an IP Subnet
Misconception Number 2: Layer 3 VLANs
Spanning Tree Protocol and VLANs Spanning Tree Protocol at Work Port States
Spanning Tree Protocol Enhancements
Spanning Tree Instances
Private VLANs
VLAN Specifics Native VLAN Reserved VLANs IDs Resource Sharing
Control and Management Plane Concepts from the Routing World Overlapping Addresses in a Data Center Defining and Configuring VRFs
VRFs and Routing Protocols
VRFs and the Management Plane
VRF-Awareness
VRF Resource Allocation Control
Use Case: Data Center Network Segmentation
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 4 An Army of One: ACE Virtual Contexts
Application Networking Services
The Use of Load Balancers
Load-Balancing Concepts
Layer 4 Switching Versus Layer 7 Switching
Connection Management
Address Translation and Load Balancing
Server NAT Dual NAT
Port Redirection
Transparent Mode
Other Load-Balancing Applications
Firewall Load Balancing Reverse Proxy Load Balancing Offloading Servers
SSL Offload
TCP Offload
HTTP Compression
Load Balancer Proliferation in the Data Center
Load Balancer Performance Security Policies Suboptimal Traffic
Application Environment Independency
ACE Virtual Contexts
Application Control Engine Physical Connections
Connecting an ACE Appliance
Connecting an ACE Module
Creating and Allocating Resources to Virtual Contexts Integrating ACE Virtual Contexts to the Data Center Network Routed Design
Bridged Design
One-Armed Design
Managing and Configuring ACE Virtual Contexts
Allowing Management Traffic to a Virtual Context
Allowing Load Balancing Traffic Through a Virtual Context
Controlling Management Access to Virtual Contexts ACE Virtual Context Additional Characteristics Sharing VLANs Among Contexts
Virtual Context Fault Tolerance Use Case: Multitenant Data Center Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 5 Instant Switches: Virtual Device Contexts
Extending Device Virtualization
Why Use VDCs? VDCs in Detail
Creating and Configuring VDCs VDC Names and CLI Prompts Virtualization Nesting
Allocating Resources to VDCs Using Resource Templates Managing VDCs
VDC Operations
Processes Failures and VDCs
VDC Out-of-Band Management
Role-Based Access Control and VDCs
Global Resources
Use Case: Data Center Security Zones
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 6 Fooling Spanning Tree
Spanning Tree Protocol and Link Utilization
Link Aggregation
Server Connectivity and NIC Teaming
Cross-Switch PortChannels
Virtual PortChannels
Virtual PortChannel Definitions Configuring Virtual PortChannels Step 1: Defining the Domain
Step 2: Establishing Peer Keepalive Connectivity
Step 3: Creating the Peer Link
Step 4: Creating the Virtual PortChannel Spanning Tree Protocol and Virtual PortChannels Peer Link Failure and Orphan Ports
First-Hop Routing Protocols and Virtual PortChannels
Layer 2 Multipathing and vPC+ FabricPath Data Plane FabricPath Control Plane
FabricPath and Spanning Tree Protocol
Virtual PortChannel Plus
Use Case: Evolution of Network PODs
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 7 Virtualized Chassis with Fabric Extenders
Server Access Models
Understanding Fabric Extenders
Fabric Extender Options
Connecting a Fabric Extender to a Parent Switch
Fabric Extended Interfaces and Spanning Tree Protocol
Fabric Interfaces Redundancy
Fabric Extender Topologies Straight-Through Topologies Dual-Homed Topologies
Use Case: Mixed Access Data Center
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 8 A Tale of Two Data Centers
A Brief History of Distributed Data Centers
The Cold Age (Mid-1970s to 1980s) The Hot Age (1990s to Mid-2000s)
The Active-Active Age (Mid-2000s to Today)
The Case for Layer 2 Extensions
Challenges of Layer 2 Extensions
Ethernet Extensions over Optical Connections
Virtual PortChannels
FabricPath
Ethernet Extensions over MPLS MPLS Basic Concepts Ethernet over MPLS
Virtual Private LAN Service
Ethernet Extensions over IP MPLS over GRE
Overlay Transport Virtualization
OTV Terminology
OTV Basic Configuration
OTV Loop Avoidance and Multihoming
Migration to OTV OTV Site Designs
VLAN Identifiers and Layer 2 Extensions
Internal Routing in Connected Data Centers
Use Case: Active-Active Greenfield Data Centers
Summary
Further Reading
Part III Virtualization in Storage Technologies
Chapter 9 Storage Evolution
Data Center Storage Devices
Hard Disk Drives
Disk Arrays
Tape Drives and Libraries
Accessing Data in Rest
Block-Based Access
Small Computer Systems Interface Mainframe Storage Access Advanced Technology Attachment File Access
Network File System
Common Internet File System
Record Access
Storage Virtualization Virtualizing Storage Devices Virtualizing LUNs Virtualizing File Systems Virtualizing SANs
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 10 Islands in the SAN
Some Fibre Channel Definitions
Fibre Channel Layers
Fibre Channel Topologies and Port Types
Fibre Channel Addressing
Frames, Sequences, and Exchanges
Flow Control
Classes of Service
Fabric Processes Fabric Initialization Fabric Shortest Path First
Register State Change Notification
Fibre Channel Logins
Zoning
Defining and Exploring VSANs
SAN Islands VSAN Creation VSAN Trunking Zoning and VSANs FSPF and VSANs VSAN Scoping
Use Case: SAN Consolidation
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 11 Secret Identities
Fibre Channel over IP
FCIP High Availability
Use Case: SAN Extension with Traffic Engineering
Inter-VSAN Routing IVR Infrastructure IVR Zoning
Use Case: Transit VSAN N_Port Virtualization
Configuring N_Port Virtualization
NPV Traffic Management
Deploying Port WWN Virtualization on NPV Use Case: Blade Server Hosting Data Center
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 12 One Cable to Unite Us All
The Case for Data Center Networking Convergence
Data Center Bridging
Priority-Based Flow Control
Enhanced Transmission Selection
Data Center Bridging eXchange Protocol
Congestion Notification
Introducing Fibre Channel over Ethernet
FCoE Elements
FCoE Initialization Protocol
Deploying Unified Server Access
Configuring Unified Server Access on Single-Context Switches
Configuring Unified Server Access with Storage VDCs
Configuring Multihop FCoE
Configuring Virtual Fibre Channel PortChannels
FCoE N_Port Virtualization
Unified Fabric Designs
Server Access Layer Unified Designs FCoE and Virtual PortChannels FCoE and Blade Servers
Beyond the Access Layer
Converged Access Model
Converged Aggregation Model
FCoE and SAN Extension
Use Case: LAN and SAN Management Separation
Summary
Further Reading
Part IV Virtualization in Server Technologies
Chapter 13 Server Evolution
Server Architectures
Mainframes RISC Servers x86 Servers
x86 Hardware Evolution CPU Evolution Memory Evolution
Expansion Bus Evolution
Physical Format Evolution
Introducing x86 Server Virtualization
Virtualization Unleashed
Unified Computing
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 14 Changing Personalities
Server Provisioning Challenges Server Domain Operations Infrastructure Domain Operations
Unified Computing and Service Profiles
Building Service Profiles Identifying a Service Profile Storage Definitions
Network Definitions
Virtual Interface Placement Server Boot Order Maintenance Policy
Server Assignment
Operational Policies
Configuration
External IPMI Management Configuration
Management IP Address
Additional Policies
Associating a Service Profile to a Server
Installing an Operating System Verifying Stateless Computing Using Policies
BIOS Setting Policies
Firmware Policies
Industrializing Server Provisioning
Cloning
Pools
Service Profile Templates
Server Pools
Use Case: Seasonal Workloads
Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 15 Transcending the Rack
Introduction to Virtual Networking
Virtual Switch Challenges Cisco Nexus 1000V Architecture Nexus 1000V Communication Modes
Port Profiles and Dynamic Interface Provisioning
Deploying Nexus 1000V
External Connectivity and Link Aggregation
NX-OS Features in the Virtual World
MAC Address Table
Access Lists
Online Migrations and Nexus 1000V Virtual Extensible Local Area Networks Introducing Virtual Machine Fabric Extender Deploying VM-FEX
Enabling Dynamic vNICs on a UCS Service Profile
Preparing VMware vSphere Host to Deploy VM-FEX Using the UCS Manager VMware Integration Wizard Migrating Virtual Machines to VM-FEX
Online Migrations and VM-FEX VM-FEX High-Performance Mode Use Case: Data Center Merging Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 16 Moving Targets
Virtual Network Services Definitions Virtual Network Services Data Path vPath-Enabled Virtual Network Services
Cisco Virtual Security Gateway: Compute Virtual Firewall
Installing Virtual Security Gateway
Creating Security Policies
Sending Data Traffic to VSG
Virtual Machine Attributes and Virtual Zones Cisco ASA 1000V: Edge Virtual Firewall Installing ASA 1000V
Sending Data Traffic to ASA 1000V Configuring Security Policies on ASA 1000V Application Acceleration
WAN Acceleration and Online Migration
Routing in the Virtual World
Site Selection and Server Virtualization
Route Health Injection
Global Server Load Balancing
Location/ID Separation Protocol Use Case: Virtual Data Center Summary
Further Reading
Part V End-to-End Virtualization
Chapter 17 The Virtual Data Center and Cloud Computing
The Virtual Data Center
Automation and Standardization What Is Cloud Computing? Cloud Implementation Example Journey to the Cloud
Networking in the Clouds Software-Defined Networks OpenStack
Network Overlays
Cisco Open Network Environment
Before We Go... Summary
Further Reading
Part VI Appendixes
Appendix A Cisco Data Center Portfolio
Cisco Application Control Engine
Cisco Adaptive Security Appliances 5585-X Cisco ASA 1000V Cloud Firewall
Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches
Cisco Cloud Portal
Cisco Intelligent Automation Solutions
Automation Software Components
Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud Solution
Cisco Intelligent Automation for SAP
Cisco MDS 9000 Series Multilayer Switches
Cisco Prime Network Analysis Module Cisco Nexus Data Center Switches Cisco Nexus 1000V Series Switches
Nexus 1010 and 1100 Virtual Services Appliances
Cisco Nexus 2000 Series Fabric Extenders
Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Switches
Cisco Nexus 4000 Series Switches
Cisco Nexus 5000 and 5500 Series Switches
Cisco Nexus 6000 Series Switches
Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches
Cisco Unified Computing System
Cisco 6100 and 6200 Series Fabric Interconnects Cisco UCS 5100 Series Blade Server Chassis Cisco UCS 2100 and 2200 Series Fabric Extenders Cisco UCS B-Series Blade Servers
Cisco UCS C-Series Rack Servers Cisco UCS Virtual Interface Cards Unified Management Solutions
Cisco Application Network Manager
Cisco Prime Data Center Network Manager Cisco UCS Manager and UCS Central Virtual Network Management Center
Virtual Security Gateway Virtualization Techniques Mapping Further Reading
Appendix B IOS, NX-OS, and Application Control Software Command-Line
Interface Basics
IOS Command-Line Interface Basics
Command Modes
Getting Context-Sensitive Help
Abbreviating Commands and Using Shortcuts
Managing Configuration Files
Using Debug Commands
NX-OS Command-Line Interface
NX-OS Access
NX-OS Modularity
NX-OS and Running Configuration Files
NX-OS Command-Line Interface Optimizations Configuration Version Management, Batches, and Scripts Application Control Software Command-Line Interface
Index
